Download MendeleyX-ray Structure-Guided Discovery of a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Dual Human Indoleamine/Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (hIDO/hTDO) Inhibitor That Shows Activity in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.
Ning, X.L., Li, Y.Z., Huo, C., Deng, J., Gao, C., Zhu, K.R., Wang, M., Wu, Y.X., Yu, J.L., Ren, Y.L., Luo, Z.Y., Li, G., Chen, Y., Wang, S.Y., Peng, C., Yang, L.L., Wang, Z.Y., Wu, Y., Qian, S., Li, G.B.(2021) J Med Chem 64: 8303-8332
- PubMed: 34110158
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00303
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
7E0O, 7E0P, 7E0Q, 7E0S, 7E0T, 7E0U - PubMed Abstract:
Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (hTDO) have been closely linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); nevertheless, development of dual hIDO1 and hTDO inhibitors to evaluate their potential efficacy against PD is still lacking. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and computational analyses revealing that 1 H -indazole-4-amines inhibit both hIDO1 and hTDO by a mechanism involving direct coordination with the heme ferrous and ferric states. Crystal structure-guided optimization led to 23 , which manifested IC 50 values of 0.64 and 0.04 μM to hIDO1 and hTDO, respectively, and had good pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration in mice. 23 showed efficacy against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse motor coordination deficits, comparable to Madopar, an anti-PD medicine. Further studies revealed that different from Madopar, 23 likely has specific anti-PD mechanisms involving lowering IDO1 expression, alleviating dopaminergic neurodegeneration, reducing inflammatory cytokines and quinolinic acid in mouse brain, and increasing kynurenic acid in mouse blood.
Organizational Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
